Robert Payne, who attended Saturdays workshop, said hes been researching his family for the past 15 years, but finding information about his ancestors wasnt easy. The plaintiff was Henrietta Wood, described by a reporter at the time as a spectacled negro woman, apparently sixty years old. The defendant was Zebulon Ward, a white man who had enslaved Wood 25 years before. The couple had numerous children, though only five survived into adulthood; four daughters died of natural causes during the Civil War. The value of his real estate was $170,000 and his personal estate was $400,000. They lived in this original dwelling until 1853, when they began construction of Brandon Hall which was completed in 1856. The ghost of a woman whose fiance died before they could be . about opposition to refugees, particularly if they had much property, and the slogan rich mans war & the poor mans fight. Another refugee who had fenced up a spring. It is believed that the name Brandon came from the family name of Martin's wife . ADAMS Formed in 1799 from Natchez District Anchorage Plantation North - Griffith Auburn Plantation - Duncan Avalange Plantation - Harper It went through a number of owners before becoming an inn and event venue. Some newspapers even predicted that lawsuits like hers would proliferate. What a pity, that amount would have supported you during the war. | READ MORE. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. Did an Ancient Magnetic Field Reversal Cause Chaos for Life on Earth 42,000 Years Ago? Upper Brandon plantation was part of an original land patent known as Brandon, granted to Captain John Martin, one of the founders of Jamestown.He was succeeded by several absentee owners, including a grandson of William Shakespeare, until the property was purchased by Benjamin Harrison II of Wakefield in 1712.. But Woods award, however insufficient, was not ineffectual. The Boone Hall Plantation, located in Mt. On April 17, 1878, twelve white jurors entered a federal courtroom in Cincinnati, Ohio, to deliver the verdict in a now-forgotten lawsuit about American slavery. Also Brandon Hall in Reid Smith and John Owens, The Majesty of Natchez (Montgomery, Ala.: Paddle Wheel Publications, 1969): it is obvious that he, like so many of his contemporaries, had succumbed to the Greek Revival era of elegance. Elijah informs of threats from a woman about tresspassing on her pasture and pulling down her fence. In the eyes of Kentucky law, Wood was a slave. Sign up so you don't miss a single old house!!! (She is still living this October 6, 1932. The trial began only after eight years of litigation, leaving Wood to wonder if she would ever get justice. Our brave participants started in a near-pitch black maze through the auditorium. . A Natchez refugee visits and told of many negroes who went to Yankees, that Billy Sanderson had killed himself drinking with them, that Freds wife had been hung, that Merrill was giving them dinner parties &c. but had heard never a word of my family. Feelings of worry and suspense. By the 1850s, the interstate slave trade was booming, and the Whites saw dollar signs whenever they thought of Wood. A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials. The family plans to occupy the. Unsure of his next steps, whether to visit home and be on the dodge all the time, the great fear I have is being sent to a northern prison.. But Wood and her lawyers had argued that the case was about much more than damages from abduction. Louisiana, U.S., Slave Manumission Records, 1719-1820. Begins August 11 entry. All the while, however, there were people conspiring to take her freedom away. Its a model and I hope the rest of the states catch up real quickly.. (That route is supported by a notation on page 5 of his journal showing that he paid a toll at Neches on July 21.). "Brandon was a very rich man," Wood later said. When possible, I have also noted the dates of Brandons entries. Brandon Hall is a beautifully restored plantation home that dates back to 1856. Captivating Houses is NOT a real estate company, it is an opinion-based blog and does NOT represent any property or agency. Brandon and Middleton travelling. It was four years after the Confederate surrender before Wood was able to return up the river, where she tried to locate long-lost members of her family in Kentucky. Going directly from Alexandria to Sabinetown suggests that he crossed the swampy region between those places directly, avoiding the roads. Whether she succeeded in that quest is unknown but she did find a lawyer, Harvey Myers. Report of a Mrs. By suing Ward for the wages she had lost while owned by Brandon, her lawyers made clear that a verdict for Wood was an acknowledgment of the evils of slavery itself. After Brandon and his wife died, the property changed hand numerous times, and with each sale, the vast acreage diminished. Wood was among them. By suing Ward for the wages she had lost while owned by Brandon, her lawyers made clear that a verdict for Wood was an acknowledgment of the evils of slavery itself. Thats the kind of things that owners did with slaves. In November 2015, I retraced some of this route by car when coming back from Natchez. The study found 3,777 Negro slave owners in the United States. Discovery Company. Wagons and wheels being fixed. The Whites lived in Covington, too, and in the spring of 1853 they convinced Ward to pay them $300 for the right to sell Wood and pocket the proceeds himselfprovided he could get her. Because the award was small, procedural rules prevented Ward from appealing to higher courts where the verdict might have been more widely noticed. After her suit, she moved with her son to Chicago. In the 1870 census, a 52-year-old Gerard Brandon is listed as a planter in Adams County, Mississippi. Theyll be able to take it and grow from that.. 1872 - The plantation was sold to Henry Horlbeck's two sons, Frederick Henry Horlbeck and John S. Horlbeck ( 7 ). So I find my negroes out of doors, & stock poor, corn high & some difficulty to get it, & separated from my family." The plantation was named after its original owner, Major John Boone, who came to the Carolina colony from Bermuda. Copyright 2019 Smithsonian Institution. My mistress gave me my freedom, Wood later said, and my papers were recorded. Wood spent the next several years performing domestic work around Cincinnati. The postwar constitutional amendments that abolished slavery and extended national citizenship to ex-slaves enabled Wood to pursue Ward in federal court. p.3: Deaths on Trip to Texas, continued onto 4. But Wood and her lawyers had argued that the case was about much more than damages from abduction. Cirodes daughter and son-in-law, Josephine and Robert White, still lived in Kentucky and disagreed with Jane Cirodes manumission of Wood; they viewed her as their inheritance. Hover over the town names to trace her tortuous path from slavery to freedomand back. The Prospect Hill Plantation is without a doubt one of the most historically significant sites in the state. These searches were performed by Christina via HeritageQuest as part of her RA Assignments.4. Harriss said many architectural features were kept true to the original design when the house was renovated in. So using a $100,000 corporate grant from Dominion, one of the nations largest producers and transporters of energy, society researchers began examining some of its 8 million manuscripts that Virginia residents have been giving to the historical society since its founding in 1831. She spent the first nights of her captivity locked inside two roadside inns. Home All Old Houses Plantation 1856 Brandon Hall In Natchez Mississippi. He says he has made some rough notes of incidents to share with her and intended to send them with Jim (his son) but cannot well do without the book., Based on his diary of the trip, Brandon left in early summer 1863. Not everyone agreed with the verdict, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible. Thats when you have to be creative.. An 1858 runaway slave ad for Elijah, who said Gerard Brandon was his owner, is in the Runaway Slaves in Mississippi project, edited by Douglas Chambers and Max Grivno, on p.536. Her official freedom papers, at a courthouse in Cincinnati, had been destroyed in an 1849 fire, and her kidnappers had confiscated her personal copy. Chilly weather. I cant quite tell my age, Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. Slaves from West Africa were first brought over to grow rice. Evangeline Wayne is seated near the center, in a cream-colored coat. Today, it remains virtually unknown, even as reparations for slavery are once again in the headlines. The $2,500 verdict, the largest ever of its kind, offers evidence of the generational impact such awards can have. Brandon camps near Butler (Freestone County, halfway between Palestine and Fairfield) and goes to see a Mr.Morgan, apparently an acquaintance from Mississippi, who had brought slaves belonging to W. S. (or S. It once belonged to Captain Isaac Ross, who freed his slaves at the time of his death. Then, in 1848, Jane Cirode went to a county courthouse and registered Wood as free. 2023 Cable News Network. Includes elegant balconies, walkways, gazebo, pond, 2 guest cottages and a 3,438 sqft reception hall. Brandon Hall Plantation. As one put it, Wood's award was "not a liberal equivalent for the loss of liberty" she had suffered, but it would "be applicable to a great many cases yet untried.". The unfolding of our country's history with slavery, at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and its surrounding streets, is critical for all Americans to understand. The 1860 slave census shows 52 slaves on Fish Haul. Sanford has gone to Monroe, returned about the 1st, and the authorities say I have not had any negroes in their hands. Hears that the Yankees had not molested anyone in our neighborhood, & all were getting on pretty well. Sanford saw a family wash their feet in the skillet in which they had cooked their supper! Nearly every one of the negros were satisfied as they were bought by people in the country mostly, going ahead of the prices given by the traders, Cabell wrote his wife. 1864/1865, d. 1935), Adams County, Mississippi: 154 enslaved people are listed under Gerard Brandon. But Woods name never made it into the history books. 73 Natchez Trace Pkwy,Natchez, Mississippi, 39120, 7 beds 8 baths 10,768 sqft 45 acres, Jackie Smith PAUL GREEN REALTORS 601-442-2768. Brandon is an historic plantation located on the south shore of the James River in Prince George County, Virginia. Swing also told the jurors to focus on Woods kidnapping in assessing the case, and the vast majority of freed people could not show, as Wood did, that they had been re-enslaved. Not everyone agreed with the verdict, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible. "Not so many complications of a legal nature arise out of the old relations of master and slave as might have been expected," the New-York Tribune argued with barely concealed relief. One of N.J.'s first instances of slavery is marked at this burial ground 27/02/2023 Kathy DeAngelo, a member of the historian commission from the Tinton Falls historical society shows the Crawford House and burial ground that was an iron mine where enslaved African Americans worked in Tinton Falls, NJ on Tuesday Feb. 14, 2023. A record now at the National Archives in Chicago confirms that he did, in 1879. The plantation, however, plays a role in the darkest period of American history. His ancestors were slaves here, but the longtime math and science teacher at McComb High School felt no anger or bitterness. Arranges situation for Phoebe.11 Feels gloomy, homesick. He feels they are ungrateful even though he has done all he could to make them comfortable, I wont say satisfied. Wishes Poole had them on a place where had full work for them, could make them feel tired at night, & where others observed discipline, he might get along very well. His enslaved people have a wide freedom of movement at night, in a land where most of the people have no slaves, & have never been used to them, & where many say they want one for company. He fears how Poole will get along when I am gone. He will leave strict laws. Begins September 6 entry, awakened again at night by the cry of dogs & the yelling of men., Able reports a runaway, disputes over stolen money and trading done by Bill. See Goodspeeds Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Mississippi, vol. We sold all the negros 43 in number at astonishingly large prices the whole amounting to $32016. Then, in 1878, jurors ruled that Ward should pay Wood for her enslavement. Finally, they announced a verdict that few expected: We, the Jury in the above entitled cause, do find for the plaintiff and assess her damages in the premises at Two thousand five hundred dollars.. Tour Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site in St. Francisville during one of its daily, hourly tours. Friends visit from Waco. How many [illegible] I have doctored & sick negroes, swelled feet & legs, swelled stomachs, dyptheria, fever, seems to me nearly all man is heir to, but all well this morning & I am thankful it is no worse. Medicine nearly out. Documents citing slaves go back to the 1690s: Thats when slavery starts to grow fast in Virginia and other English colonies, Levengood said. Construction on the home began in 1853 and it was completed in 1856.3, Slave schedules for the 1860 Census confirm Brandons large slaveholdings. They led me to archives in nine states in search of her story, which I tell in full for the first time in my new book, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America. Travels to Belton in buggy. Brandon was a very rich man, Wood later said. (In fact, free black Northerners had been kidnapped for years before the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.) Sanford Poole & Sandy had gone to kill a deer. Middleton arrives, and he gets a package from home. His wife Charlotte (39) and children Elmina (16), James (14), Charlotte (12), Sarah (9), Agnes (9), Mary (5), and Alice (4) are listed a fellow members of the household. The first plantations in the Americas of sugar cane, cocoa, tobacco, and cotton were maintained and harvested by African slaves controlled by European masters. Wood was among them. Researching a slaveholder's genealogy can be a time-consuming task, but fortunately, there are many genealogies for South Carolina slaveholders . This was the most valuable property they owned, and they wanted to make sure it was recorded. Robertson offers him use of land, offers to put the deal in writing in Belton. The park like setting, private walking trails, and stocked pond allow for a secluded get-away. She had not forgotten Ward and sued him the following year. Some pictures of the Brandon cemetery are on Flickr. On my way to camp I called to see Mr.Blackshear, in Springfield, who gives him a very good dinner, pure coffee. Begins August 9 entry: This Holy Sabbath morn finds me near the banks of the Brazos, without meal or meat, because of price gouging and worthless Confederate paper. This article originally appeared in Smithsonian Magazine. After 1815, as white settlers rushed into the lower Mississippi River Valley, many looked to purchase slaves to cultivate the regions most profitable crop. The tract was known as Martin's Brandon. She spent the first nights of her captivity locked inside two roadside inns. All the while, however, there were people conspiring to take her freedom away. Brandon Hall Plantation, west side. Fortunately for this country the institution of slavery has passed away, he had instructed the jurors, and we should not bring our particular ideas of the legality or morality of an institution of that character into Court or the jury-box. He had cautioned the jurors against an excessive award, claimingfalselythat many former slaveholders already regretted slavery. Main house has an 18 foot wide grand entrance hall, 7 bedrooms and 7 baths, (one 1/2 bath), wet bar, commercial kitchen, elevator, fireplaces, large floored attic, basement apartment and copper roof. The first part is an inventory of stores taken on the first day on which Forster Clarke entered on the management of the Estate (11 July 1803). Gangs worked throughout the antebellum period to capture free black men, women and children and smuggle them into the South, under the cover of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which required the return of runaway slaves. At some point during those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown. Warsaw Indiana Website Design by 1Eighty Digital, 1744 Colonial For Sale In Norwich Connecticut. The Agricultural census of 1860 shows 250 improved acres, 450 unimproved, valued at $10,000. Begins November 2 & 3 entry, attends a public sale of someones effects. She had not forgotten Ward and sued him the following year. His next ferry payment was to cross the Red River on July 11, likely on his way out of Alexandria. CNNs Athena Jones reported from Richmond, Virginia and Michael Martinez contributed from Los Angeles. Wood was an early contributor to a long tradition of formerly enslaved people and their descendants demanding redress. In the 1863 tax sales the property was sold to the Federal government for . Its an incredibly complicated and tragic institution that were just beginning to understand the dimensions of, Levengood said. The site is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and the final tour starts at 4 p.m. All they needed was someone to do the dirty work of enslaving her again. List of troubles: screw wormshow many of them there are. Brandon married Charlotte Smith Hoggatt in 1840 in Adams County, Mississippi. Cornelias screw worms , such as kill thousands of stock in Texas annually. Poole has been ill for three days. All Rights Reserved. Now she watched nervously as the 12 jurors returned to their seats. The free, public website also provides a high-resolution copy of the antique documents that identify the slave. Property is 45 acres and one of the few private driveways directly off the Natchez Trace Parkway. H. Weir of Centerville, who hit me a dig.. Wood was an early contributor to a long tradition of formerly enslaved people and their descendants demanding redress. If you are interested in a house, all information, including: price, status, neighborhood, condition, etc., must be independently verified. 5-11: a debit and credit ledger for the trip; debits begin on 5 (numbered by Brandon as 7) and then are carried over on 8 through 11, with a final total (summed by me from Brandons subtotals) of $19,145.60 in expenses by February 2; credits begin page 6 (numbered by Brandon as 8) and then continue on 13 to 14, where a final total made by Brandon on February 2 shows $10,168.25 in credits, Begin August 1863 entry. Absence of farm animals on the list indicates strongly oriented cotton plantation. Brandon Hall was formally a large working cotton plantation located on the scenic Natchez Trace. and was bought for Miss Perking of Buckingham.. She was soon sold again, to a French immigrant, William Cirode, who took her to New Orleans. Meat at Bulls but so hard & dry no one could eat it. Meats Esquire Jones, an opponent of secession who fears the postwar. With numerous slaves and landholdings in Mississippi and Louisiana, Brandon was one of the wealthiest planters in Natchez when the Civil War began. Bowens was born at Drayton in 1908, and returned to Charleston from Chicago in the 1970s. The "finest" house at the Brandon Hall Plantation, for example, was built by the enslaved. The value of his real estate was $18,000. Visits another refugee family, hears some incidents they had heard of the occupation of Natchez. Legal trouble with Hughes.12 Talks to lawyer A. In the eyes of Kentucky law, Wood was a slave. Contact the agent for information. On October 29, 1840, Charlotte Hoggatt married Gerard Brandon III, who was the son of an early Governor of Mississippi and the grandson of a Revolutionary War Hero of the same name. Got me excited. I sowed the cotton, hoed the cotton, and picked the cotton. Able. He strikes new deal with Able to settle on his land: he could let me heave as much land as Col. R. had offered, with 300 acres in cultivation, 2 cabins, & corn in the ground at $1 per barrel, and let me have the use of a mill , would charge $5 an acre for the cleared land & let me pay for it by picking cotton at $1 per 100 pounds. Brandon agrees. The gang located Wood's employer in Cincinnati, a boardinghouse keeper named Rebecca Boyd, and paid her to join their scheme. Varina Banks Howell, dau of William & Margaret Howell, married Jefferson Davis on Feb 26, 1845 in the parlor of The Briars. Then, in 1878, jurors ruled that Ward should pay Wood for her enslavement. Nonetheless, I have always been conflicted about plantation-style homes. The Robertson County Tax Rolls for 1866 show him with 25 horses and no real estate. Misses a dinner invitation from Graves. Slavery in Virginia is not just a Virginia story. p.4: Some more deaths; notes about wagon loads, presumably of cotton bales; ferriage and tolls on the route to Texas, pp. The New York Times observed, Files of newspapers of the five years following the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law are filled with stories of the kidnapping of free men in free States. (In fact, free black Northerners had been kidnapped for years before the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.) Researching black folk is difficult, so anytime you can find a new resource its always good to investigate, he said. A native Kentuckian who had recently moved to Covington, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ward became a deputy sheriff in 1853. She would one day recall that period of her life as a "sweet taste of liberty.". Begins October 21, the most melancholly day I have had in Texas. James (Jim) leaves for home & from thence to the army., Begins October 25 entry. Cookie Policy Most rural enslaved people were owned by masters who had 10-20 enslaved people, who often were housed in closer proximity to masters, perhaps sharing housing, and perhaps having access to closer relations with their masters than plantation slaves had. Parole denied for RFK assassin Sirhan Sirhan, Ship that sank in 1894 discovered in Lake Huron, Why Fox News pushed Trump's bogus election claims, Tennessee governor says photo of him in skirt and wig irrelevant to drag show ban, Jurassic-era insect discovered at Arkansas Walmart, Why space experts want to establish a lunar time zone. Lists his route, expenses, and ferriage for the trip back home. Sanderson hung back in Natchez. FOR SALE: 1856 Brandon Hall Plantation, Natchez, Mississippi Our Restoration Nation 103K subscribers Subscribe 16K 1.4M views 1 year ago Have you ever wanted to own your own historic mansion. 3,777 negro slave owners in the headlines was small, procedural rules Ward... 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